Twenty-First Century Images of Nurse and Nursing Essay - 1

Twenty-First Century Images of Nurse and Nursing - Essay Example This has had the effect that the nurses are uncertain about their responsibilities which lead to impaired judgment and poor decision making which has an impact to the quality of nursing care that the patients receive (Burton and Ormrod, 2011). In order to avoid the uncertainty among nurses, there is need to develop a nurse training program that will equip all nurses with the necessary skills to run a nursing unit. Nursing educators should ensure that all student nurses have undergone the training therefore, when hospitals choose nurses randomly he or she will be able to run the unit effectively. The responsibilities bestowed among nurses, especially in managing other nurses in patient care, make it one of the factors that define nursing in the 21st century. Emergence of nursing school in the late 19th century is another factor that has influenced contemporary nursing. The way that nursing schools were run at the beginning has remained in most of the nursing schools worldwide with very little modifications. An apprenticeship model was involved in training the nurses, which would take about two months; they started with making beds before progressing to other more complicated tasks. The length of the program, was initially one year, however, it was later increased to 2 to 3 years depending on the location; this duration of training has remained up to date with the longest duration of training graduate nurses being four years in some countries. Without the establishment of the nursing training schools, the field of nursing would not be as what we know it today. Another very popular historical event that shaped nursing is the World War I and a nurse by the name Florence nightingale who took care of the wounded soldiers in the war. Florence nightingale who is idolized world over for her selfless efforts defined the course that nursing should take as a profession that is fully dedicated to caring for the sick and aged and in

How did the discovery of the Americas impacted European life Essay

How did the discovery of the Americas impacted European life - Essay Example In this respect, Columbus’ discovery of a New World was a disappointment, because he had gone in search of western access to Japan and India. He failed to return to Spain loaded with spices. But next Spanish-backed explorations soon proved the value of the newly discovered lands (Kishlansky 358). The discoveries of Americas in the first place influenced the economic development of Europe. There began to emerge a colonial system that has accelerated the capitalist production in Western Europe and contributed to the accumulation of the large sums of money in the hands of bourgeoisie. The latter opened the door to the organization of the large enterprises. The discovery of new lands could not but influence the worldview of the European people, their religious, philosophical and religious thought. The discovery of Americas had also a huge impact on the European habits, because the first traders brought to Europe such integral parts of everyday life like chocolate and tobacco. Thes e products were unknown in Europe before. The influence of tobacco and drinking chocolate could not be questioned. Thus, the current paper discusses the impact that the discovery of Americas had on the Western European economy, on religious and philosophical thought, and on people’s everyday habits in the early modern period. ... The monopoly on these new markets guaranteed the rapid accumulation of capital in the countries of the Western Europe. There began the so-called â€Å"price revolution† (Fischer 68). It was caused by the import of large amounts of American gold and silver to Europe. During the 14th century the total amount of hard money in Europe increased more than 4 times. The large inflow of relatively cheap gold and silver led to the sharp drop of their value and to the significant increase in prices for agricultural and industrial products. The revolution in pries has strengthened the urban and rural bourgeoisie and advanced their incomes. The feudal lords were broken. The poorest peasants and workers suffered great damages due to the price revolution. The prices for agricultural products have grown to a much greater extent than for the luxuries (Fischer 77). In Spain, for example, due to the increasing costs a number of goods became uncompetitive. This was one of the reasons for the decl ine of the industry and commerce in this country. However, due to the same reasons the Dutch merchants came at the international stage as the leading trade agents. Gold inflation had a great impact on the industrial development, accelerating the transition to capitalism manufacturing. There was a sharp decline in the wages of the workers. Thought, the nominal value of the wages increased, it was not sufficient in comparison with price increases. In France, price revolution lead to the numerous peasants’ revolts, because they could not cope with burdensome taxes and rent they had to pay their lords. Naturally, when the prices for the goods of the first necessity became impossible, it led to the increasing discontent among masses (Spielvogel